Since the introduction of the montreal protocol, european consumption eea28 in 1986 has fallen from approximately 343 000 ozonedepleting. When released to the atmosphere, those chemicals damage the stratospheric ozone layer, earths protective shield that. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is the. International actions the montreal protocol on substances.
Handbook for the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the. The montreal protocol aims at completely phasing out the production and use of these substances and unido is supporting a large number of countries to achieve this goal. Using historical odss emissions and scenarios of potential emissions, we show that the ods. Montreal protocol united nations treaty collection. Relationship to the united nations framework convention on climate. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer was signed in 1987, under the auspices of the united nations environment programme unep, to gradually eliminate global consumption and production of ozonedepleting substances ods. The united states signed the montreal protocol in 1987, and has. The role of the united nations in environmental protection and sustainable development h. Using historical odss emissions and scenarios of potential emissions, we show that. Convention means the united nations framework convention on climate change, adopted in new york on 9 may 1992. The montreal protocol is an international treaty adopted in 1987 to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the consumption and production of a number of substances responsible for ozone depletion. Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer protocol to the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer pdf 736kb plain language summary the montreal protocol is the international agreement that ensures the protection of the earths ozone layer through the global phaseout of ozonedepleting substances ods.
Stratospheric ozone protection united states environmental. Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer with annex. Montreal protocol, formally montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, international treaty, adopted in montreal on sept. Montreal protocol sustainable development knowledge platform. The international treaties on the protection of the ozone layer. Today the montreal protocol is still seen as a model of an innovative and dynamic response made possible by the concerted efforts of a wide range of stakeholders such as scientists, policymakers, economists, engineers, and lawyers. Since that time, continued scientific study has led to the strengthening of this protocol, which has now been ratified by 196 countries1 unep, 2009. In 1994, the united nations general assembly proclaimed 16 september the international day for the preservation of the ozone layer, commemorating the date of the signing, in 1987, of the montreal. Production and consumption of ozonedepleting substances. A state must be party to the vienna convention in order to become a party to the montreal protocol. The united states signed the montreal protocol in 1987, and has been a leader in guiding the successes of the treaty. The landmark agreement was signed in 1987 and entered into force in 1989. The fund, which is being hosted in montreal by canada, is celebrating its 25th anniversary this year.
Concluded at montreal on 16 sep tember 1987 authentic texts. The 1987 montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is a landmark agreement that has successfully reduced the global production, consumption, and emissions of ozonedepleting substances odss. The main objective of the multilateral fund is to assist developing country parties to the montreal protocol. Since 1992, unido has helped in the phasing out of more than onethird of ozonedepleting substances in the developing world. A first step was the establishment of the ipcc by the world meteorological organization wmo and the united nations environment program unep in 1988 as a scientific intergovernmental body to provide. The protocol also requires that all countries bound by its provisions must ban exports and imports of ozonedepleting substances on a staggered basis to and from countries that are not parties to the protocol. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer 6 a whether any substances, and if so which, should be added to or removed from any annex to this protocol, and b the mechanism, scope and timing of the control measures that should apply to those substances. It was agreed on 16th september 1987, and entered into force on 1st january. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, done at montreal on september 16, 1987, to the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer.
The report of the department of state is also enclosed for the information of the senate. After the mechanism by which chlorofluorocarbons cfcs destroy ozone was proved in the 1970s, and the depletion of the ozone layer was observed in the 1980s, two international treaties to protect the ozone layer were signed under the aegis of the united nations environment programme unep. Unido as implementing agency of the multilateral fund has completed more than 1400 projects in over 100 countries since 1992. Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone. A unique feature of the protocol is an adjustment provision that enables the parties to the protocol to respond quickly to new scientific information, in a bid to accelerate the reductions required on chemicals already covered by the protocol. The weakening of the ozone layer, which protects the earth from ultraviolet radiation from the sun, has stopped and ozone levels have started to rise. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer ii.
The original montreal protocol agreement 1987 required developed countryparties to begin phasing out chlorofluorocarbons cfcs in 1993 and achieve a 50% reduction relative to 1986 consumption levels by 1998. Montreal protocol and its implications for climate change. Sep 12, 2017 the weakening of the ozone layer, which protects the earth from ultraviolet radiation from the sun, has stopped and ozone levels have started to rise. I transmit herewith, for the advice and consent of the senate to ratification, the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, done at montreal on september 16, 1987. Odss are also greenhouse gases that contribute to the radiative forcing of climate change. Ozone undp undp united nations development programme. United nations treaty series nations unies recueil des traites. It provides financial and technical support for developing countries to comply with the montreal protocols obligations. One example of unidos interventions leading to climate impact, are projects focusing on the refrigeration servicing sector. Nov 01, 2018 international agreements12 the montreal protocol has proven to be innovative and successful the first treaty to achieve universal ratification by all countries in the world. Today, all 197 member nations of the united nations have followed our lead, making it the most widely ratified international environmental agreement in history. This protocol shall be open for signature by states and by regional economic integration organizations in montreal on 16 september 1987, in ottawa from 17 september 1987 to 16 january 1988, and at united nations headquarters in new york from 17 january 1988 to 15 september 1988.
The role of the united nations in environmental protection. Sep 25, 2017 turning 30 this month, the montreal protocol was a landmark environmental success that serves as a model for addressing other problems, although it also has some unfinished business. The montreal protocols financial mechanism that includes a multilateral fund is the first of its kind to be established. When the united nations was created more than a halfcentury ago, environmental. Beginning in the 1970s, concerns that the refrigerants used in most air conditioners and refrigerators were leaking into the air and depleting the earths ozone layer led to the negotiation and signing of the montreal protocol, a 1987 united nations treaty phasing out the use of these chemicals.
When released to the atmosphere, those chemicals damage the stratospheric ozone layer, earths protective shield that protects. Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. On september 16, 1987, twenty four nations, including the united states, signed the montreal protocol. The united states was instrumental in crafting a solution to this risk. Mar 20, 2007 the 1987 montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is a landmark agreement that has successfully reduced the global production, consumption, and emissions of ozonedepleting substances odss. Turning 30 this month, the montreal protocol was a landmark environmental success that serves as a model for addressing other problems, although it also has some unfinished business. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. Since then, a class of ozonesafe substitutes called hydrofluorocarbons. Production and consumption of ozonedepleting substances in. Background the montreal protocol, finalized in 1987, is a global agreement to protect the stratospheric ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozonedepleting substances ods. International actions the montreal protocol on substances that. Since 1987, the montreal protocol has been repeatedly strengthened. Dec 20, 2019 a significant reduction in the consumption of ozonedepleting substances ods has been achieved by the eea33 countries since 1986. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer as either adjusted andor amended in london 1990 copenhagen 1992 vienna 1995 montreal 1997 beijing 1999 unep ozone secretariat united nations environment programme.
The 1987 montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. The montreal protocol is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion. Leveraging worldwide participation the montreal protocol has sent clear signals to the global market and placed the ozone layer, which was in peril, on a path to repair. The importance of the montreal protocol in protecting climate. The montreal protocol is signed by 197 countries the first treaty in the history of the united nations to achieve universal ratification and is considered by many the most successful environmental global action. From its initial 24 signatory nations, there are now 188 countries that have ratified the montreal protocol and its timetable to reduce. This reduction has largely been driven by the 1987 united nations environment programme unep montreal protocol. The montreal protocol the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances ods believed to be responsible for ozone depletion the treaty was opened for signature on september 16, 1987, and entered into forece on. Nations environment programme, the united nations development. The protocol was agreed on september 16 th in 1987 and entered into force on january 1 st in 1989. Under this agreement, cfcs and halons were the only ods addressed.
Montreal protocol sustainable development knowledge. The montreal protocol, finalized in 1987, is a global agreement to protect the. Nov 22, 2014 the montreal protocol the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances ods believed to be responsible for ozone depletion the treaty was opened for signature on september 16, 1987, and entered into forece on. The multilateral fund for the implementation of the montreal protocol was established in 1991 by the parties to the protocol to. It embodies the principle agreed at the united nations conference on. Conference of the parties means the conference of the parties to the convention.
Beginning in the 1970s, concerns that the refrigerants used in most air conditioners and refrigerators were leaking into the air and depleting the earths ozone layer led to the negotiation and signing of the montreal protocol, a 1987 united nations treaty aimed at phasing out these chemicals. That date coincided with the international day for the preservation of the ozone layer, the united nations commemorative day that marks. It was established by a decision of the second meeting of the parties to the montreal protocol london, june 1990 and began its operation in 1991. Arabic, chinese, english, french, russian and spanish. In 1995, the united nations named september 16 the international day for. Celebrating the 25th anniversary of the montreal protocol.
United nations environment programme exemplary projects undertaken pursuant to article 10 of the montreal protocol when the montreal protocol was originally negotiated in 1987. Unido plans, develops and implements national and sectorwide ozonedepleting substances ods phaseout plans in developing countries to ensure their compliance with the montreal protocol. Since the introduction of the montreal protocol, european consumption eea28 in 1986 has fallen from approximately 343 000 ozone. List of treaties, conventions and protocols in pdf ssc. President reagan on montreal protocol ratification about. The stratospheric ozone layer filters out harmful ultraviolet radiation, which is associated with an increased prevalence of skin cancer and cataracts, reduced agricultural productivity, and. United nations environment programme exemplary projects undertaken pursuant to article 10 of the montreal protocol when the montreal protocol was originally negotiated in 1987, the negotiators understood. This protocol shall be open for signature by states and by regional economic integration organizations in montreal on 16 september 1987, in ottawa from 17 september 1987 to 16 january 1988, and at united nations headquarters in new york from 17 january 1988. The montreal protocol and the green economy executive summary executive summary the montreal protocol and the green economy assessing the contributions and cobenefits of a multilateral environmental agreement the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer was agreed in september 1987 as an. If this does not happen in the next few seconds, please click on the link above. The conference of plenipotentiaries on the protocol on chlorofluorocarbons to the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer was convened by the executive director of the united nations environment programme unep pursuant to decision 18 adopted by the governing council of unep on 23 may 1985. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer a protocol to the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion. Montreal protocol united nations development programme. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is a global agreement to protect the earths ozone layer by phasing out the chemicals that deplete it.
A significant reduction in the consumption of ozonedepleting substances ods has been achieved by the eea33 countries since 1986. International agreements12 the montreal protocol has proven to be innovative and successful the first treaty to achieve universal ratification by all countries in the world. For the purposes of this protocol, the definitions contained in article 1 of the convention shall apply. Conference, on 16 september 1987, adopted the montreal protocol on substances. Notwithstanding the provisions contained in this article and. The following sentence shall be added in paragraph 6 of article 2f of the protocol after the words does not exceed zero. Adjustments to the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer relating to the controlled substances in annex c, group i, for parties not operating under paragraph 1 of article 5. Since then, a number of ozonesafe substitutes have been developed and. The montreal protocol the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is the landmark multilateral environmental agreement that regulates the production and consumption of nearly 100 manmade chemicals referred to as ozone depleting substances ods. About montreal protocol united nations environment programme.
The montreal protocol is an international environmental agreement with universal ratification to protect the earths ozone layer by eliminating use of ozone depleting substances ods, which would otherwise allow increased uv radiation to reach the earth, resulting in higher incidence of skin cancers and eye cataracts, morecompromised immune systems, and negative. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer the montreal protocol is an international agreement made in 1987. This phaseout plan includes both the production and consumption of ozonedepleting substances. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone. It was designed to stop the production and import of ozone depleting substances and reduce their concentration in the atmosphere to help protect the earths ozone layer. The importance of the montreal protocol in protecting. Chapter v environmental sustainability united nations. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
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